Europe's Energy Portal - Prices, Statistics, Supply & Security

Europe’s Energy Portal – Solar panels reflect clouds forming the European continent

*	How much is EURO95 in Spain today?
*	What does the EU Energy Label mean?
*	When does the world run out of oil?
*	What are the new gas routes to the EU?

A 91% increase on energy duties in the Netherlands

For Dutch consumers, duties on energy have increased by 91 per cent since 2001. Dutch households now pay more duties on electricity than the price of electricity without the duties.

Energy duties produced the Dutch Treasury in 1996 some 424 million euros, over 2009 it amounts to some 4 billion euros.

Energy duties are now second on the list of taxes that are a main cause in price increase of products and services. VAT stands on the first place.

EC welcomes agreement on acceleration of gas interconnector between Bulgaria and Serbia
IP/10/238 Date: 05/03/2010
Q &A: European E nergy Programme for Recovery
MEMO/10/63 Date: 04/03/2010
Commission adopts biomass sustainability report
IP/10/192 Date: 25/02/2010
Commission creates a dedicated Directorate-General for Energy
IP/10/164 Date: 17/02/2010
EU and Iraq sign a Strategic Energy Partnership Memorandum of Understanding
IP/10/29 Date: 18/01/2010
EC Agrees to negotiate a broad Nuclear Partnership Agreement with Russia.
IP/09/1990 Date: 22/12/2009
Gas Coordination Group discusses the gas supply outlook in the EU
IP/09/1917 Date: 14/12/2009
List of 15 energy projects for European economic recovery
MEMO/09/542 Date: 09/12/2009
Commissioner Piebalgs welcomes the adoption of the Tyre labelling regulation by Council and Parliament
IP/09/1820 Date: 25/11/2009
EC takes action against Greece for non-notification of the transposition of a Euratom directive
IP/09/1798 Date: 20/11/2009
Phasing out of conventional incandescent bulbs
MEMO/09/368 Date: 01/09/2009
European Commission authorises State Aid for Spanish Coal
IP/09/1125 Date: 14/07/2009

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March 2010
10^th - 12^th	Wind Power Commercial Strategies - Prague, Czech Republic
11^th - 12^th	Power in West Europe - Brussels, Belgium
April 2010
22^nd - 23^rd	Thin Film Industry Forum 2010 - Berlin, Germany
May 2010
3^rd - 7^th	18th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition - Lyon, France
12^th - 14^th	Petrol Station 2010 International Fair - Warsaw, Poland
25^th - 28^th	Exhibition and Conference on Renewable Energy and Alternative Fuel REenergy 2010 - Moscow, Russian Federation
June 2010
16^th - 18^th	Transformer Diagnostics and Maintenance Symposium - Helsinki, Finland

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The power to change!
Date: 10/9/2009
Energy, let's save it!
Date: 11/11/2008
Eco-driving
Date: 04/09/2008
Green cities fit for life
Date: 08/07/2008
Local action for a greener Europe
Date: 21/04/2008
European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition 2008
Date: 03/04/2008
Taking a head start to create a low carbon world economy
Date: 18/01/2008
20% renewable energy by 2020
Date: 16/01/2008
Russia and the Future of European Energy Security
Date: 10/12/2007
Global warming requires global solution, says Barroso
Date: 28/09/2007
Living with climate change
Date: 25/06/2007
Everyone Can Save The Planet
Date: 21/06/2007
Electricity and gas: You choose!
Date: 06/06/2007
Europe leads the fight against climate change
Date: 19/04/2007
Securing Energy
Date: 16/11/2006
You Control Climate Change
Date: 01/06/2006

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NORTH STREAM:
Connection:
Russia-EU (via Baltic sea)
Transport capacity:
55 billion cubic metres/year
Partners:
Gazprom 51%, BASF/Wintershall 20%, E.ON Ruhrgas 20%, Gasunie 9%
Scheduled for operation:
2 Lines. First scheduled for 2011, second for 2012

SOUTH STREAM:
Connection:
Russia-EU (via Black sea)
Transport capacity:
63 billion cubic meters/year
Partners:
Gazprom 50%, ENI 50%
Scheduled for operation:
End of 2015

NABUCCO:
Connection from:
Caspian region, Middle East,Egypt to EU
Transport capacity:
31 billion cubic meters/year
Partners:
BOTAS, BEH, MOL, OMV, RWE, Transgaz. Each 16,67%
Scheduled for operation:
End of 2015

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What do residents of the 27 EU member states pay for their petrol?
These charts show how much is paid for one liter of euro95, diesel, LPG and heating oil.
Ranked in alphabetical order.

A barrel of crude oil is traded at $81.91 (USD), at 20:51, Mar. 11, 2010 CET.

Historical oil prices archive.

€ per liter Euro-super 95 Average amount in euro per one liter of Euro-super 95. Incl.taxes & duties. In brackets: price excl. taxes & duties. Effective: March 11^th, 2010
Austria	1,14 ( 0,47 )
Belgium	1,35 ( 0,50 )
Bulgaria	1,00 ( 0,48 )
Cyprus	0,99 ( 0,55 )
Czech Republic	1,21 ( 0,51 )
Denmark	1,43 ( 0,57 )
Estonia	1,09 ( 0,48 )
Finland	1,36 ( 0,51 )
France	1,34 ( 0,51 )
Germany	1,36 ( 0,49 )
Greece	1,43 ( 0,53 )
Hungary	1,22 ( 0,51 )
Ireland	1,25 ( 0,47 )
Italy	1,35 ( 0,56 )
Latvia	1,05 ( 0,49 )
Lithuania	1,15 ( 0,51 )
Luxembourg	1,15 ( 0,54 )
Malta	1,14 ( 0,53 )
Netherlands	1,52 ( 0,53 )
Poland	1,13 ( 0,49 )
Portugal	1,35 ( 0,54 )
Romania	1,04 ( 0,51 )
Slovakia	1,21 ( 0,50 )
Slovenia	1,15 ( 0,47 )
Spain	1,14 ( 0,54 )
Sweden	1,33 ( 0,49 )
United Kingdom	1,25 ( 0,45 )

€ per liter Diesel Average amount in euro per one liter of Diesel. Incl.taxes & duties. In brackets: price excl. taxes & duties. Effective: March 11^th, 2010
Austria	1,04 ( 0,48 )
Belgium	1,09 ( 0,49 )
Bulgaria	0,94 ( 0,48 )
Cyprus	0,91 ( 0,53 )
Czech Republic	1,16 ( 0,53 )
Denmark	1,17 ( 0,55 )
Estonia	1,08 ( 0,51 )
Finland	1,06 ( 0,54 )
France	1,11 ( 0,50 )
Germany	1,16 ( 0,50 )
Greece	1,25 ( 0,59 )
Hungary	1,14 ( 0,53 )
Ireland	1,16 ( 0,49 )
Italy	1,18 ( 0,56 )
Latvia	1,02 ( 0,52 )
Lithuania	0,97 ( 0,53 )
Luxembourg	0,95 ( 0,52 )
Malta	0,98 ( 0,48 )
Netherlands	1,15 ( 0,50 )
Poland	1,03 ( 0,51 )
Portugal	1,11 ( 0,56 )
Romania	0,99 ( 0,52 )
Slovakia	1,01 ( 0,48 )
Slovenia	1,09 ( 0,47 )
Spain	1,02 ( 0,54 )
Sweden	1,21 ( 0,52 )
United Kingdom	1,29 ( 0,46 )

€ per liter LPG Average amount in euro per one liter of LPG. Incl.taxes & duties. In brackets: price excl. taxes & duties. Effective: March 11^th, 2010
Belgium	0,57 ( 0,47 )
Bulgaria	0,55 ( 0,36 )
Czech Republic	0,57 ( 0,39 )
Estonia	0,63 ( 0,46 )
France	0,71 ( 0,54 )
Germany	0,61 ( 0,42 )
Hungary	0,65 ( 0,42 )
Italy	0,66 ( 0,42 )
Latvia	0,53 ( 0,31 )
Lithuania	0,57 ( 0,30 )
Luxembourg	0,54 ( 0,45 )
Netherlands	0,72 ( 0,51 )
Poland	0,57 ( 0,35 )
Portugal	0,66 ( 0,49 )
Romania	0,46 ( 0,32 )
Slovakia	0,50 ( 0,42 )
Slovenia	0,66 ( 0,48 )
Spain	0,58 ( 0,47 )

€ per liter Heating gas oil Average amount in euro per one liter of Heating gas oil. Incl.taxes & duties. In brackets: price excl. taxes & duties. Effective: March 11^th, 2010
Austria	0,72 ( 0,49 )
Belgium	0,59 ( 0,47 )
Bulgaria	0,94 ( 0,48 )
Cyprus	0,62 ( 0,50 )
Czech Republic	0,66 ( 0,46 )
Denmark	1,11 ( 0,55 )
Estonia	0,71 ( 0,48 )
Finland	0,69 ( 0,48 )
France	0,69 ( 0,52 )
Germany	0,65 ( 0,49 )
Greece	0,64 ( 0,51 )
Hungary	1,14 ( 0,53 )
Ireland	0,77 ( 0,61 )
Italy	1,14 ( 0,55 )
Latvia	0,65 ( 0,52 )
Lithuania	0,62 ( 0,49 )
Luxembourg	0,55 ( 0,48 )
Malta	0,65 ( 0,45 )
Netherlands	0,78 ( 0,40 )
Poland	0,66 ( 0,48 )
Portugal	0,77 ( 0,51 )
Romania	0,85 ( 0,41 )
Slovakia	0,61 ( 0,49 )
Slovenia	0,65 ( 0,44 )
Spain	0,65 ( 0,47 )
Sweden	1,08 ( 0,47 )
United Kingdom	0,59 ( 0,44 )

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In most EU member states electricity utilities now buy electricity generated from renewable sources produced by individuals and companies. Prices paid for 'self-produced' electricity is called a feed-in tariff. Prices are in euros per kilowatt-hour (€/kWh).
'0.29-0.46' is a price range from 0.29 €/kWh to 0.46 €/kWh, depending on the amount produced.

Member state	Windpower 'On-shore'	Wind power 'Off-shore'	Solar PV	Biomass	Hydro
Austria	0.073	0.073	0.29 - 0.46	0.06 -0.16	n/a
Belgium	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Bulgaria	0.07 - 0.09	0.07 - 0.09	0.34 - 0.38	0.08 - 0.10	0.045
Cyprus	0.166	0.166	0.34	0.135	n/a
Czech Rep.	0.108	0.108	0.455	0.077 - 0.103	0.081
Denmark	0.078	0.078	n/a	0.039	n/a
Estonia	0.051	0.051	0.051	0.051	0.051
Finland	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
France	0.082	0.31 - 0.58	n/a	0.125	0.06
Germany	0.05 - 0.09	0.13 - 0.15	0.29 - 0.55	0.08 - 0.12	0.04 - 0.13
Greece	0.07 - 0.09	0.07 - 0.09	0.55	0.07 - 0.08	0.07 - 0.08
Hungary	n/a	n/a	0.097	n/a	0.029 - 0.052
Ireland	0.059	0.059	n/a	0.072	0.072
Italy	0.3	0.3	0.36 - 0.44	0.2 - 0.3	0.22
Latvia	0.11	0.11	n/a	n/a	n/a
Lithuania	0.10	0.10	n/a	0.08	0.07
Luxembourg	0.08 - 0.10	0.08 - 0.10	0.28 - 0.56	0.103 - 0.128	0.079 - 0.103
Malta	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Netherlands	0.118	0.186	0.459 - 0.583	0.115 - 0.177	0.073 - 0.125
Poland	n/a	n/a	n/a	0.038	n/a
Portugal	0.074	0.074	0.31 - 0.45	0.1 - 0.11	0.075
Romania	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Slovakia	0.05- 0.09	0.05- 0.09	0.27	0.072 - 0.10	0.066 - 0.10
Slovenia	0.087 - 0.094	0.087 - 0.095	0.267 - 0.414	0.074 - 0.224	0.077 - 0.105
Spain	0.073	0.073	0.32 - 0.34	0.107 - 0.158	0.077
Sweden	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
United Kingdom	Tariffs Scheduled for 2010

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What do European consumers pay for using gas and electricity?
These charts show what households pay for their energy consumption.
Ranked from least to most expensive EU member state.

– ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION –						– GAS CONSUMPTION –
€ per kWh electricity Consumption: 3500 kWh/year (30% during nighttime) Average amount in euro per one kilowatt-hour of electricity for domestic consumers Incl.taxes & duties. Effective: July '09			€ per kWh electricity Consumption: 7500 kWh/year (30% during nighttime) Average amount in euro per one kilowatt-hour of electricity for domestic consumers Incl.taxes & duties. Effective: July '09			€ per kWh gas Consumption: 15,000 kWh/year (1,380 m3 of gas) Average amount in euro per one kilowatt-hour of gas for domestic consumers. Incl.taxes & duties. Effective: July '09			€ per kWh gas Consumption: 30,000 kWh/year (2,760 m3 of gas) Average amount in euro per one kilowatt-hour of gas for domestic consumers. Incl.taxes & duties. Effective: July '09
Austria	0,1705		Austria	0,1436		Austria	0,0715		Austria	0,0600
Belgium	0,1722		Belgium	0,1492		Belgium	0,0608		Belgium	0,0440
Bulgaria	0,0739		Bulgaria	0,0701		Bulgaria	0,0287		Bulgaria	0,0328
Cyprus	0,1462		Cyprus	0,1336		Cyprus	no data		Cyprus	no data
Czech Rep,	0,1142		Czech Rep,	0,0857		Czech Rep.	0,0402		Czech Rep.	0,0360
Denmark	0,2671		Denmark	0,2325		Denmark	0,1173		Denmark	0,1216
Estonia	0,0815		Estonia	0,0727		Estonia	0,0279		Estonia	0,0280
Finland	0,1235		Finland	0,0984		Finland	0,1072		Finland	0,1104
France	0,1319		France	0,1183		France	0,0677		France	0,0504
Germany	0,2125		Germany	0,2010		Germany	0,0850		Germany	0,0656
Greece	0,0798		Greece	0,0870		Greece	0,0289		Greece	0,0278
Hungary	0,1445		Hungary	0,1373		Hungary	0,0420		Hungary	0,0400
Ireland	0,1814		Ireland	0,1524		Ireland	0,1074		Ireland	0,1075
Italy	0,2554		Italy	0,2213		Italy	0,0730		Italy	0,0688
Latvia	0,0798		Latvia	0,0738		Latvia	0,0294		Latvia	0,0272
Lithuania	0,0848		Lithuania	0,0798		Lithuania	0,0329		Lithuania	0,0264
Luxembourg	0,1840		Luxembourg	0,1792		Luxembourg	0,0623		Luxembourg	0,0392
Malta	0,1016		Malta	0,1190		Malta	no data		Malta	no data
Netherlands	0,2377		Netherlands	0,2334		Netherlands	0,0472		Netherlands	0,0470
Poland	0,1369		Poland	0,1236		Poland	0,0467		Poland	0,0416
Portugal	0,1638		Portugal	0,1341		Portugal	0,0675		Portugal	0,0520
Romania	0,1260		Romania	0,1130		Romania	0,0353		Romania	0,0368
Slovakia	0,1747		Slovakia	0,1273		Slovakia	0,0457		Slovakia	0,0440
Slovenia	0,1235		Slovenia	0,1042		Slovenia	0,0544		Slovenia	0,0512
Spain	0,1336		Spain	0,1140		Spain	0,0624		Spain	0,0520
Sweden	0,1873		Sweden	0,1832		Sweden	0,1202		Sweden	0,1216
United Kingdom	0,1376		United Kingdom	0,1285		United Kingdom	0,0418		United Kingdom	0,0408

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What does the European industry pay for its energy?
These charts show the average electricity and gas prices for the industry.
Ranked from least to most expensive EU member state.

– ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION –						– GAS CONSUMPTION –
€ per kWh electricity Consumption: 2000 MWh/year Maximum demand: 500 kW, annual load: 4000 hours. Luxembourg: 50% power reduction during hours of heavy loading. Incl.taxes & duties. Effective: July '09			€ per kWh electricity Consumption: 24000 MWh/year Maximum demand: 4000 kW, annual load: 6000 hours. Luxembourg: 50% power reduction during hours of heavy loading. Incl.taxes & duties. Effective: July '09			€ per kWh gas Consumption: 115MWh/year (10,550 m3 of gas) Average amount in euro per one kilowatt-hour of gas. Incl.taxes & duties. Effective: July '09			€ per kWh gas Consumption: 11.5GWh/year (1.05 million m3 of gas) Average amount in euro per one kilowatt-hour of gas. Incl.taxes & duties. Effective: July '09
Austria	0,1230		Austria	0,1023		Austria	0,0375		Austria	0,0346
Belgium	0,1259		Belgium	0,1026		Belgium	0,0283		Belgium	0,0217
Bulgaria	0,0670		Bulgaria	0,0642		Bulgaria	0,0159		Bulgaria	0,0172
Cyprus	0,1397		Cyprus	0,1320		Cyprus	no data		Cyprus	no data
Czech Republic	0,0986		Czech Republic	0,0866		Czech Republic	0,0230		Czech Republic	0,0212
Denmark	0,1293		Denmark	0,1248		Denmark	0,0506		Denmark	0,0235
Estonia	0,0698		Estonia	0,0488		Estonia	0,0154		Estonia	0,0158
Finland	0,0753		Finland	0,0703		Finland	0,0876		Finland	0,0277
France	0,0765		France	0,0663		France	0,0313		France	0,0251
Germany	0,1389		Germany	0,1273		Germany	0,0405		Germany	0,0379
Greece	0,0864		Greece	0,0725		Greece	0,0201		Greece	0,0199
Hungary	0,1270		Hungary	0,1105		Hungary	0,0290		Hungary	0,0336
Ireland	0,1394		Ireland	0,1339		Ireland	0,0403		Ireland	0,4010
Italy	0,1707		Italy	0,1401		Italy	0,0343		Italy	0,0277
Latvia	0,0675		Latvia	0,0567		Latvia	0,0189		Latvia	0,0175
Lithuania	0,0706		Lithuania	0,0690		Lithuania	0,0204		Lithuania	0,0200
Luxembourg	0,1151		Luxembourg	0,1109		Luxembourg	0,0262		Luxembourg	0,0265
Malta	0,1029		Malta	0,0674		Malta	no data		Malta	no data
Netherlands	0,1338		Netherlands	0,0918		Netherlands	0,0469		Netherlands	0,0325
Poland	0,0831		Poland	0,0751		Poland	0,0285		Poland	0,0262
Portugal	0,0986		Portugal	0,0880		Portugal	0,0300		Portugal	0,0212
Romania	0,1285		Romania	0,0976		Romania	0,0256		Romania	0,0263
Slovakia	0,1264		Slovakia	0,1150		Slovakia	0,0212		Slovakia	0,0202
Slovenia	0,0987		Slovenia	0,0888		Slovenia	0,0313		Slovenia	0,0262
Spain	0,0882		Spain	0,0761		Spain	0,0297		Spain	0,0224
Sweden	0,0689		Sweden	0,0604		Sweden	0,0384		Sweden	0,0343
United Kingdom	0,1249		United Kingdom	0,0990		United Kingdom	0,0395		United Kingdom	0,0358

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Energy consumption by EU-member states, their net imports and dependence rate in 2008.
The most important suppliers of crude oil and natural gas were Russia (33% of oil imports and 40% of gas imports) and Norway (16% and 23% respectively).

	EU Member State	Gross Energy consumption¹⁾	Net imports²⁾	Energy Dependency³⁾			EU Member State	Gross Energy Consumption	Net imports	Energy Dependency
1	Cyprus	2.6	3	100%		15	Germany	349	215.5	61.3%
2	Malta	0.9	0.9	100%		16	Finland	37.8	20.9	54.6%
3	Luxembourg	4.7	4.7	98.9%		17	EU27	1825.2	1010.1	53.8%
4	Ireland	15.5	14.2	90.9%		18	Slovenia	7.3	3.8	52.1%
5	Italy	186.1	164.6	86.8%		19	France	273.1	141.7	51.4%
6	Portugal	25.3	21.6	83.1%		20	Bulgaria	20.5	9.5	46.2%
7	Spain	143.9	123.8	81.4%		21	Netherlands	80.5	37.2	38%
8	Belgium	60.4	53.5	77.9%		22	Sweden	50.8	19.8	37.4%
9	Austria	34.1	24.9	72.9%		23	Estonia	5.4	1.9	33.5%
10	Greece	31.5	24.9	71.9%		24	Romania	40.9	11.9	29.1%
11	Latvia	4.6	3.2	65.7%		25	Czech Republic	46.2	12.9	28%
12	Lithuania	8.4	5.5	64%		26	United Kingdom	229.5	49.3	21.3%
13	Slovakia	18.8	12	64%		27	Poland	98.3	19.6	19.9%
14	Hungary	27.8	17.3	62.5%		28	Denmark	20.9	-8.1	-36.8⁴⁾

1) Gross energy consumption in Million tonnes oil equivalent (Mtoe). Defined as primary production plus imports, less exports.
2) Net imports means imports minus exports.
3) Imports divided by gross consumption.
4) Denmark is a net exporter of energy.

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Are the European member states meeting their Kyoto 2012 carbon dioxide(CO₂) emission targets?
Countries in the green do well and emit less than their 2012 target. The countries in the red emit more than their Kyoto target.
Figures are in Megaton (Mt CO2-eq).

EU MEMBER STATE	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	KYOTO TARGET 2012	% UNDER KYOTO TARGET
LATVIA	10,7	10,7	10,9	11,7	12,1	23,3	48,07 %
ESTONIA	21,2	21,2	20,7	19,2	22,0	40	45,00 %
LITHUANIA	16,7	21,1	22,6	22,8	24,7	44,1	43,99 %
ROMANIA	NO DATA	160,1	153,7	153,9	152,3	259,9	41,40 %
BULGARIA	NO DATA	68,9	69,8	71,5	75,7	127,3	40,53 %
HUNGARY	83,3	79,5	80,5	78,8	75,9	114,9	33,94 %
SLOVAKIA	51,1	49,5	48,7	49,0	47,0	67,2	30,06 %
POLAND	382,5	396,7	399	399,3	398,9	551,7	27,70 %
CZECH REPUBLIC	147,5	147,1	145,6	149,1	150,8	180,6	16,50 %
SWEDEN	70,9	69,7	67	66,9	65,4	75,2	13,03 %
UNITED KINGDOM	658	660,4	657,4	647,9	636,7	678,3	6,13 %
FRANCE	560,9	556,1	553,4	541,7	531,1	564	5,83 %
GREECE	137,2	137,6	139,2	128,1	131,9	139,6	5,52 %
BELGIUM	147,6	147,6	143,8	136,6	131,3	135,9	3,38 %
GERMANY	1024,4	1025	1001,5	980,0	956,1	972,9	1,73 %
							% OVER KYOTO TARGET
NETHERLANDS	215,4	218,4	212,1	208,5	207,5	200,4	-3,54 %
PORTUGAL	83,7	84,6	85,5	84,7	81,8	77,4	-5,68 %
IRELAND	68,4	68,6	69,9	69,7	69,2	63	-9,84 %
FINLAND	85,4	81,2	69,3	79,9	78,3	71,1	-10,13 %
SLOVENIA	19,7	19,9	20,3	20,5	20,7	18,6	-11,29 %
ITALY	577,3	580,5	582,2	563,0	552,8	485,7	-13,82 %
DENMARK	73,6	68,2	63,9	71,0	66,6	54,8	-21,53 %
AUSTRIA	92,5	91,2	93,3	91,6	88,0	68,7	-28,09 %
SPAIN	407,4	425,2	440,6	433,0	442,3	331,6	-33,38 %
LUXEMBOURG	11,3	12,8	12,7	13,3	12,9	9,1	-41,76 %
MALTA	3,1	3,2	3,4	2,9	3,0	NO TARGET
CYPRUS	9,2	9,9	9,9	9,9	10,1	NO TARGET

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Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂) pollutes the air primarily as a result of road traffic. Similar to CO₂, Nitrogen dioxide is produced by fossil fuel combustion processes.

These maps show results of satellite measurements over Europe.
They illustrate nitrogen dioxide as large scale pollutant, with rural background ground level concentrations in some areas around 30 µg/m³.
Long-term exposure to NO₂ at concentrations of >= 40 µg/m³ will cause danger to people's health.


2004	2006

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The EU is working to reduce the effects of climate change and establish a common energy policy.
By 2020 renewable energy should account for 20% of the EU's final energy consumption (9,2% in 2006).
Consult the member state's renewable energy(RE) factsheets or browse through any of the latest charts.

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Statistics of energy consumption, production, reserves and more, ranked by country. Continuously updated to represent the latest data available.

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Non-renewable energy sources, do, as their name suggests, run out.
Apart from their impact on global warming, they are finite. Based on the data we have today, we can predict the moment they are actually exhausted. Putting a date on these energy sources underscores the world's need for true sustainable energy sources.

Natural Gas (in cubic meters)
Total world reserves Jan. 1st 2010:	171514266542404
World usage per second:	92653
Estimated date of exhaustion:	09:25 Sep 12, 2068

Oil (in barrels)
Total world reserves Jan. 1st 2010:	1175686472626
World usage per second:	986
Estimated date of exhaustion:	20:58 Oct 22, 2047

Coal (in metric tonnes)
Total world reserves Jan. 1st 2010:	834684384000
World usage per second:	203
Estimated date of exhaustion:	20:05 May 19, 2140

Uranium (in metric tonnes U-235)
Total world reserves Jan. 1st 2010:	17963
World usage per second:	0.0000042222017
Estimated date of exhaustion:	23:12 Nov 28, 2144

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TOP 10 HEATING LAUNDRY LIGHTING COOKING REFRIGERATING CARS HOUSES OFFICES

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Download the latest, key publications by the EU, related to energy and the environment. PDF Format.
TITLE	AUTHOR(S)	PUBLICATION

Energy sector in Europe (size: 0.2Mb)	EC, Eurostat	2010
Photovotaic Solar Energy - Development and current research (size: 5.5Mb)	DG-TREN	2009
More efficient cleaning concepts for stepping up availability of lignite-fired power plants (Ligpower) (size: 5.2Mb)	EC & DG for Research	2009
Renewable electricity — Make the switch (size: 3.7Mb)	EC & DG-TREN	2009
Nuclear energy research - The sustainability challenge (size: 2.0Mb)	EC & DG for Research	2009
Energy and environment report 2008 (size: 4.9Mb)	EEA	2009
Biofuels: Topping up the fuel mix (size: 6.2Mb)	EC, DG-TREN & EACI	2008
A new scheme for the promotion of renewable energies in developing countries (size: 1.2Mb)	EC & Joint Research Centre	2008
European energy and transport - Trends to 2030 : update 2007 (size: 3.3Mb)	EC & DGTREN	2008
Biofuels in the European context - Facts, uncertainties and recommendations (size: 0.5Mb)	EC & Joint Research Centre	2008
LIFE and endangered plants - conserving Europe's threatened flora (size: 8.1Mb)	EC & DG for Environment	2008
EU environment-related indicators 2008 (size: 0.5Mb)	EC & DG for Environment	2008
Statistics on the electricity and gas markets (size: 1.0Mb)	EC & EuroStat	2008
Renewables make the difference (size: 0.4Mb)	EC & DG-TREN	2008
Towards a "post-carbon society" (size: 2.4Mb)	EC & DG for Research	2008
2020 vision, saving our energy (size: 1.8Mb)	EC & DG-TREN	2007
An efficient, sustainable and secure supply of energy for Europe (size: 4.7Mb)	European Investment Bank	2007
ENERGY, economic, social and policy-oriented research in Europe (size: 0.4Mb)	EC & Directorate-General for Research	2007
EU energy policy and the EIB (size: 0.4Mb)	European Investment Bank	2007
Energy - Yearly statistics 2005 (size: 1.3Mb)	European Commission & Eurostat	2007
Energy corridors - European Union and neighbouring countries (size: 1.6Mb)	EC & Directorate-General for Research	2007
Energy research in 7th framework programme (size: 1.1Mb)	EC & Directorate-General for Research	2007
LIFE and Energy - Innovative solutions for efficient energy in Europe (size: 4.0Mb)	EC & Directorate-General for Environment	2007
Latest development of energy service companies across Europe (size: 1.2Mb)	European Commission & Joint Research Centre	2007
You control climate change. Make a pledge! (size: 0.5Mb)	EC & Directorate-General for Environment	2007
Electricity from renewable energy sources (size: 0.3Mb)	European Commission & IEEA	2006
Energy production and distribution enterprises in the EU (size: 0.1Mb)	European Commission & Eurostat	2006
Fusion for energy - A new European organisation (size: 0.2Mb)	EC & Directorate-General for Research	2006

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There are literally hundreds on EU directives related to energy. In this section you'll find some of the most important ones. You might consider these directives a must read for anyone involved in the energy industry.
	- Energy Efficiency / Renewables
C(2009) 5174	National RE Action Plans under Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council.
2009/28/EC	On the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources.
COM(2006) 105 final	Green paper - A European Strategy for Sustainable, Competitive and Secure Energy.
SEC(2006) 317/2	Green paper Annex - What is at stake, a background document.
COM(2008) 30 final	20 20 by 2020 Europe's climate change opportunity.
C(2006) 6817	Establishing harmonised efficiency reference values for separate production of electricity and heat.
2004/8/EC	On the promotion of cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market.
2005/32/EC	A framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-using products.
2006/32/EC	On energy end-use efficiency and energy services.
98/11/EC	Implementing Council Directive 92/75/EEC with regard to energy labelling of household lamps.
106/2008	On a Community energy-efficiency labelling programme for office equipment.
2002/91/EC	On the energy performance of buildings.
	Fossil Fuels
1775/2005	On conditions for access to the natural gas transmission networks.
2006/67/EC	Imposing an obligation on Member States to maintain minimum stocks of crude oil and/or petroleum products.
2003/55/EC	Concerning common rules for the internal market in natural gas.
2004/67/EC	Concerning measures to safeguard security of natural gas supply.
CE 2003/405	Concerning Community monitoring of imports of hard coal originating in third countries.
	Competition
2005/89/EC	Concerning measures to safeguard security of electricity supply and infrastructure investment.
1228/2003	On conditions for access to the network for cross-border exchanges in electricity.
COM(2008) 192 report	Progress in creating the internal gas and electricity market.